Energy Consumption Model of WSN Based on Manifold Learning Algorithm

Energy saving is one of the most important issues in wireless sensor networks. In order to effectively model the energy consumption -in wireless sensor network, a novel model is proposed based on manifold learning algorithm. Firstly, the components of the energy consumption by computational equations are measured, and the objective function is optimized. Secondly, the parameters in computational equations are estimated by manifold learning algorithm. Finally, the simulation experiments on OPNET and MATLAB Simulink are performed to evaluate the key factors influencing the model. The experimental results show that the proposed model had significant advantage in terms of synchronization accuracy and residual energy in comparison with other methods

Safety and Immunogenicity of a Malaria Vaccine, Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1/MSP-1 Chimeric Protein Formulated in Montanide ISA 720 in Healthy Adults

The P. falciparum chimeric protein 2.9 (PfCP-2.9) consisting of the sequences of MSP1-19 and AMA-1 (III) is a malaria vaccine candidate that was found to induce inhibitory antibodies in rabbits and monkeys. This was a phase I randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the PfCP-2.9 formulated with a novel adjuvant Montanide ISA720. Fifty-two subjects were randomly assigned to 4 dose groups of 10 participants, each receiving the test vaccine of 20, 50, 100, or 200 µg respectively, and 1 placebo group of 12 participants receiving the adjuvant only.The vaccine formulation was shown to be safe and well-tolerated, and none of the participants withdrew. The total incidence of local adverse events (AEs) was 75%, distributed among 58% of the placebo group and 80% of those vaccinated. Among the vaccinated, 65% had events that were mild and 15% experienced moderate AEs. Almost all systemic adverse reactions observed in this study were graded as mild and required no therapy. The participants receiving the test vaccine developed detectable antibody responses which were boosted by the repeated vaccinations. Sixty percent of the vaccinated participants had high ELISA titers (>1∶10,000) of antigen-specific antibodies which could also recognize native parasite proteins in an immunofluorescence assay (IFA).This study is the first clinical trial for this candidate and builds on previous investigations supporting PfCP-2.9/ISA720 as a promising blood-stage malaria vaccine. Results demonstrate safety, tolerability (particularly at the lower doses tested) and immunogenicity of the formulation. Further clinical development is ongoing to explore optimizing the dose and schedule of the formulation to decrease reactogenicity without compromising immunogenicity.

Feature-Based and Process-Based Manufacturing Cost Estimation

The demand for mass custom parts is increasing, estimating the cost of parts to a high degree of efficiency is a matter of great concern to most manufacturing companies. Under the premise of machining operations, cost estimation based on features and processes yields high estimation accuracy, but it necessitates accurately identifying a part’s machining features and establishing the relationship between the feature and the cost. Accordingly, a feature recognition method based on syntactic pattern recognition is proposed herein. The proposed method provides a more precise feature definition and easily describes complex features using constraints. To establish the relationships between geometric features, processing modes, and cost, this study proposes a method of describing the features and the processing mode using feature quantities and adopts deep learning technology to establish the relationship between feature quantities and cost. By comparing a back propagation (BP) network and a convolutional neural network (CNN) it can be concluded that a CNN using the “RMSProp” optimizer exhibits higher accuracy

The high resolution biosphere model : status of development, validation, results. / Le modèle biosphère haute résolution (HRBM) : état des travaux, validation, résultats

The High Resolution Biosphere Model (HRBM) has been used to pursue three objectives in this contribution to the ESCOBA project. First, validation experiments were carried out for several modules in the modular structure of the HRBM. Point data for productivity and phytomass were used to validate the productivity module. A sensitivity test demonstrated that productivity in the HRBM is mainly limited by the availability of water (precipitation). A regional study of soil organic carbon distribution was performed in collaboration with the ITE at Merlewood Research Station (Hoffstadt et al,, this volume). A second goal has been to investigate the human impact factor on the carbon cycle. The HRBM considers land-use changes and vegetation fires. In the fire module, fire probabilities are derived from climatic variables and biome type. The module has been validated against observed data for seasonal burning in West Africa (Cahoon et ai, 1992 ; Menaut et al., 1991). The HRBM predicts a maximum amount of 1.6 PgC/a from combustion of agricultural wastes in 1980. The demand for an appropriate water cycle module led us to choose an existing land surface model (SiB2, Sellers et al., 1992). We tested this model successfully using long-term point micrometeorological observations. From the response characteristics, modifications were suggested to couple SiB2 to the HRBM. Water cycle and productivity processes are linked through leaf conductance for H₂O and CO₂. The third part of our activities was intended to improve the understanding of stomatal regulation under varying climatic and CO₂ conditions. We carried out lab experiments and field campaigns in Northern Italy and Paraguay. The existence of functional types regarding the response of conductance to internal CO₂ was confirmed, and their distribution along a humidity gradient was recorded for dominating species.Le modèle biosphère haute résolution (HRBM) : état des travaux, validation, résultats Dans le cadre du projet ESCOBA, le Modèle de Biosphère Haute Résolution (HRBM) a été utilisé afin d'atteindre trois objectifs. Premièrement, des expériences de validation ont été menées sur plusieurs parties de la structure modulaire du HRBM. Des données ponctuelles de productivité et de phytomasse ont été utilisées pour valider le module de productivité. Un test de sensibilité montre que la productivité du HRBM est principalement limitée par la disponibilité en eau (précipitations). Une étude régionale sur la distribution du carbone organique dans le sol a été effectuée en collaboration avec la station de recherches de l'ITE de Merlewood (Hoffstadt et al., dans ce volume). Un deuxième objectif consistait à étudier l'impact du facteur anthropique sur le cycle du carbone. Le HRBM considère les changements d'utilisation du sol ainsi que les incendies de la végétation. Dans le module d'incendies, les probabilités de feux sont fonction de variables climatiques et des types de biomes. Ce module a été validé par comparaison avec les observations.de feux saisonniers en Afrique de l'Ouest (Cahon et al., 1992 ; Menaut et al., 1991). Pour 1980, le HRBM estime une quantité maximum de 1,6 Pg С provenant de la combustion des déchets agricoles. Le besoin général d'un module approprié de cycle de l'eau nous a conduit à choisir un schéma de surface existant (SiB2, Sellers et al., 1992). Nous avons testé ce modèle avec succès en utilisant des données micrométéorologiques acquises sur une longue période. Les résultats ont suggéré quelques modifications dans le couplage de SiB2 et du HRBM. Le cycle de l'eau et les processus de productivité sont liés du fait de leur dépendance commune à la conductance foliaire pour l'eau et le CO₂. La troisième partie de nos activités a été consacrée à l'amélioration de notre compréhension de la conductance stomatique pour différentes conditions climatiques et concentrations en CO₂. Nous avons donc mené des expériences en laboratoire conjointement à des campagnes sur le terrain en Italie du Nord et au Paraguay. Nous avons confirmé l'existence de classes fonctionnelles se distinguant par la réponse de leur conductance à la concentration interne en CO₂. Nous avons répertorié les distributions de ces classes pour des espèces dominantes le long de gradients d'humidité.Esser Gerd, Hoffstadt Johannes, Mack Frank, Qu Weiqing, Wittenberg Uwe. The high resolution biosphere model : status of development, validation, results. / Le modèle biosphère haute résolution (HRBM) : état des travaux, validation, résultats. In: Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin, tome 50, n°1-4, 1997. The global carbon cycle in the terrestrial biosphere, sous la direction de Gérard Dedieu et Jean-Luc Probst. pp. 73-88

Feature-Based and Process-Based Manufacturing Cost Estimation

The demand for mass custom parts is increasing, estimating the cost of parts to a high degree of efficiency is a matter of great concern to most manufacturing companies. Under the premise of machining operations, cost estimation based on features and processes yields high estimation accuracy, but it necessitates accurately identifying a part’s machining features and establishing the relationship between the feature and the cost. Accordingly, a feature recognition method based on syntactic pattern recognition is proposed herein. The proposed method provides a more precise feature definition and easily describes complex features using constraints. To establish the relationships between geometric features, processing modes, and cost, this study proposes a method of describing the features and the processing mode using feature quantities and adopts deep learning technology to establish the relationship between feature quantities and cost. By comparing a back propagation (BP) network and a convolutional neural network (CNN) it can be concluded that a CNN using the “RMSProp” optimizer exhibits higher accuracy

Functional gigaporous polystyrene microspheres facilitating separation of poly(ethylene glycol)-protein conjugate

A novel sulfopropyl gigaporous polystyrene (SP-GP) microsphere enhancing the separation of poly(ethylene glycol)-protein (PEGylated protein) was first presented. The SP-GP microspheres were successfully prepared by introducing sulfopropyl groups into agarose-coated gigaporous polystyrene microspheres and used as chromatography media. Compared with a commercial medium, SP-GP microspheres exhibited improved column efficiency and reduced backpressure with increasing flow velocity, which could ensure its use in high-speed chromatography. Furthermore, a higher protein recovery and purity of the PEGylated protein could be obtained, even when SP-GP was applied at a flow velocity of 1224 cm h(-1). Additionally, the dynamic binding capacity (DBC) of SP-GP was significantly improved, which was higher than 10 mg mL(-1) medium even at a flow velocity of 306 cm h(-1). Further investigation using a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) demonstrated that the static adsorption equilibrium of the PEGylated protein on SP-GP could be completed in 5 min, whereas a much longer period (ca. 60 min) was required for the commercial medium, indicating that the mass transfer of SP-GP was much faster with the gigaporous structure. All of these results strongly support that our developed SP-GP could serve as a promising cation exchange chromatography resin for high-speed separation, especially for biomolecules of high molecular weight. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Effects of a Dulaglutide plus Calorie-Restricted Diet versus a Calorie-Restricted Diet on Visceral Fat and Metabolic Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The effects of dulaglutide and a calorie-restricted diet (CRD) on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we investigated whether dulaglutide combined with CRD could further reduce VAT and promote clinical benefits as compared with a CRD regimen alone in overweight or obese PCOS-affected women. Between May 2021 and May 2022, this single-center, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial was conducted. Overall, 243 participants with PCOS were screened, of which 68 overweight or obese individuals were randomly randomized to undergo dulaglutide combined with CRD treatment (n = 35) or CRD treatment alone (n = 33). The duration of intervention was set as the time taken to achieve a 7% weight loss goal from baseline body weight, which was restricted to 6 months. The primary endpoint was the difference in the change in VAT area reduction between the groups. The secondary endpoints contained changes in menstrual frequency, metabolic profiles, hormonal parameters, liver fat, and body composition. As compared with the CRD group, the dulaglutide + CRD group had a considerably shorter median time to achieve 7% weight loss. There was no significant between-group difference in area change of VAT reduction (−0.97 cm2, 95% confidence interval from −14.36 to 12.42, p = 0.884). As compared with CRD alone, dulaglutide + CRD had significant advantages in reducing glycated hemoglobin A1c and postprandial plasma glucose levels. The results of the analyses showed different changes in menstruation frequency, additional metabolic profiles, hormonal markers, liver fat, and body composition between the two groups did not differ significantly. Nausea, vomiting, constipation, and loss of appetite were the main adverse events of dulaglutide. These results emphasize the value of dietary intervention as the first line of treatment for PCOS-affected women, while glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist therapy provides an efficient and typically well tolerated adjuvant therapy to aid in reaching weight targets based on dietary therapy in the population of overweight/obese PCOS-affected women